Is the Nuclear Family the Ideal Family Structure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1369 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The American family happens to be a rapidly changing institution. It is unlikely that one may find themselves in the stereotypical American family comprising of two parents and children. In this case, the father works whereas the mother takes care of the household. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is the Nuclear Family the Ideal Family Structure?" essay for you Create order However, many women have joined the workforce, there has been a significant increase in divorce rate, and more single-parent households are continuing to exist. This has led to other family structures becoming common. If one’s family is different from the one their parents grew up in, then their situation is certainly a common occurrence. Currently, a great percent of American families have single parents, through a divorce, widowed, or not married. Furthermore, some children are taken care of by foster families, step-families, and gay or lesbian families. American family units Even though my family fits the traditional nuclear structure, it is most certain that I have friends living in households that have different structures. I have always had younger friends who question why their parents had to get divorced. One of them once asked me why his parents could not live together and why the father instead lived with another lady. This is an indication that families tend to be so important to children and parents need to explain the nature of their family structures with more than just quick replies. Such questions imply that the children only want to understand the different family structures and the changes that lead to the structures. It is a typical situation for us to view the society through our family experiences and therefore grow up with the belief that ‘our’ families are the same. Joining school as a child, I realized that the notion of what is a normal family was different from some of my classmates. The expectation of the ideal family comprising of the mother, father and children happily taking a meal together was not the reality for sole-parented families, same-sex families, extended families, and childless households. The nuclear family has been considered by many to be the ideal structure for American families. In the 1950s, Coontz (34) equates the family to a social group sharing a common residence and reproduction. It comprises of two adults of both sexes, who are in a socially approved relationship and with at least one child (Rockwell 18). The nuclear family is commonly used when describing a family unit. It has been considered ideal within the society for centuries. However, the nuclear family is now facing a decline as a result of the changes in trends within the society today. These trends include issues like divorce. The Ideal ’50s family Based on Coontz (33)’s perspective, the standard family structure in the post-war America comprised of a male breadwinner, his wife in charge of household chores and taking care of the children, and the children. Families carried out all their activities together and lived within friendly neighborhoods. Parents were keen on disciplining children. In fact, in the earlier times, girls lived with their parents’ home until the point of marriage and rarely attended college (Graff 32). Graff (26) portrays children as emotional instead of economic assets, given that they were always close to their parents and happened to be the center of the family. Given the nature of the relationship, parents always studied child development and socialized with them to help them become successful adults. All in all, it is evident that the nuclear family of the ’50s was built around the necessity of a secure life. Middle-class, child-focused families under the leadership of wage-earnin g husbands became the norm, although it took a lot of time to make that family. This is why modern family structures, barely resemble the ideal family unit. Suitability of the nuclear family to modern society Coontz (41) argues that the nuclear family was the product of the post war era. The emergence of the nuclear family was also best suited for the industrial society. The small nature of the family made it easy for geographical and social mobility, therefore providing a haven for its members. However, today the society is keen on a nuclear family based on heterosexual adults who are married and in turn become parents. Coontz (34) expresses his feelings of the nuclear family being the building block of society. He believes that the family structure is ideal family for the modern society as it nurtures morality and discipline among children. Furthermore, the nuclear family allows for separate gender roles to be performed by the respective family members. According to Coontz’s argument, all other arrangements may be considered to be deviant. Rockwell (19) also considers the nuclear family to be the ideal family structure. According to him, the family has two primary socialization f unctions: the stabilization of adult personalities and socialization of children where they learn the norms and values of the society. Changes today The changes in family structures are majorly due to the expanding workplace and educational roles held by women in the society. The post-industrial economy that is information and services based has seen the married woman join the workforce (Coontz 46). On the other hand, more young adults prefer living outside their family systems. Families with the male-breadwinner and housewife currently represent very few American households. The issue of marriage is considered by many Americans to be one in which both parents work and share household duties. Furthermore, women seem to constitute approximately 50 percent of the labor force. These shifts have led to a decline in marriage with a subsequent rise in the divorce rate (Coontz 48). Also, the number of American households headed by unmarried persons is on the rise with children being born to unmarried mothers. One major cause of these developments is the fact that marriage is regarded as an act crowning individuals to adulthood. Personal experience A family friend struggles to raise her three children on her own and acknowledges the fact that the family has been through several changes within the past few years. She divorced her husband two years ago. Since then, the family shifted to a cheaper house. Looking back, the family has had a hard time given that she acknowledges the many difficulties in being a single parent. On the other hand, partners in a nuclear family get to share all the jobs including childcare. Given that she is alone, she has to do it all. The family seems to sick of moving as the children want a permanent home. However, the mother (family friend) finds relief on the argument that several other families are in a similar situation. In my case, I was not used to seeing single parents as I grew up. But today, it happens to be the norm. To some extent, it is good for the family friend. It means she finds consolation from the many other single mothers. The family friend also finds emotional and financial support from a charity organization dedicated to supporting single parents. This is an indication that she has owned up to the notion that a nuclear family is the ideal family structure for Americans. Conclusion Based on the works of literature, the nuclear family can be considered to be the traditional family structure in America. This family structure originated from the Roman Empire times but became popular in America in the 1950s. Ideal families need to comprise of a father, a mother, and children. This structure is proof that the family represents the basic unit in a society where the father takes the role of a breadwinner and the wife a homemaker. Based on the high divorce rates and increasing number of children being born to single mothers, it is evident that the family as an institution is facing its decline. Even though the nuclear family has proven to be the best family, the other family structures have been accepted as a result of the changing social conditions. This, therefore, is an indication that the other families are on the rise. Finally, an ideal family structure should be able to meet the economic and socialism needs of the members.   Based on the personal experience, it is important that the breadwinner worker provides for his family while both parents help their children learns the culture within which they have been born.

Different Pathways Of Allorecognation Direct, Indirect,...

There are three pathways of allorecognation: direct, indirect, and linked pathways. The difference of direct and indirect pathways is the work of dendritic cells in presenting the donor peptides as foreign antigens. In direct pathway, the dendritic cells migrate directly from the graft into the recipient’s lymph nodes and present the antigen to their own MHC to T cell receptor (TCR). This will excite an anti-donor T-cell allorecognition response and lead to rejection. Both CD4+ and CD8+ are capable for this. Conversely, in indirect pathway, the dendritic cells migrate to the graft, take and process some proteins from the recipient cells and present it on MCH to T cells in lymph nodes. While, linked allorecognation is by using direct transfer of cell membrane from donor dendritic cells to recipient dendritic cells.3,4 (Figure 2) There are six MHC class I isotypes: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G while for MHC class II : HLA-DM, HLA-DO, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. As the fact that every single person has different type of HLA and may be provided as a foreign antigen in other individual, HLA take significant role on the rejection response in organ transplantation.1,2 Chronic Rejection in Organ Transplantation Chronic rejection is characterized as a slow process of a tissue replacement in allograft into fibrous scar tissue as fibroproliferative changes by some immune (antigen-dependet) and non immune factors (antigen-independent).4 Chronic Rejection may takes

Lions Among Us Free Essays

According to Mr. Edward Henderson, leaders are those people who can guide a work force into a path that leads to success and realization of goals by keeping the members of his work force committed, intact, and highly motivated. Moreover, managers of private clubs are those who extend their duties and responsibilities beyond the long-established and conventional roles of private club managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Lions Among Us or any similar topic only for you Order Now They should be able to influence the members of their work force to create a reality out of their visions of success. Furthermore, Henderson has also presented what he calls â€Å"success factors.† These success factors are supposed to be instrumental in making private club managers successful in their field. This valuable piece of information was based on a survey conducted in 1994, which was administered to several managers. They were the ones who were responsible of narrowing down eight valuable factors that influence success. These success factors were also proven true by Henderson himself, as he has put great efforts to observe his colleagues who were private club managers themselves. In addition to the main success factors that will be discussed in the following statements, people who took the survey also included other factors that are important in success such as a reputable image, flexibility in working with diverse individuals or groups, communication and social skills, just pure luck, exerting effort and working hard, attitude and perspective in life, and continuous learning. Henderson has also noted that there is a strong connection between success factors and the successes of a leader. Although he himself, and all the managers who took the survey, could not argue with the fact that all success factors are significant in accomplishing success in their line of expertise. However still, everything depends on the work attitude and outlook of the manager. In addition, it is dependent on the nature and the background of the business that he is managing. The first success factor mentioned in the monograph is operational knowledge. Operational knowledge received the highest vote as one of the most important success factor. However, overall the most important success factor, it ranked second. It requires knowledge of the ins and outs of business, such as the technical aspect and expertise in handling the club. Expertise and knowledge of the business is achieved over time. Being in the business in such a long period of time is a learning experience for private club managers, especially with their experiences in success and failures in the past. The second success factor is integrity. It was the first most important success factor that was rated by the managers who took the survey. For those managers who took the survey, building a responsible and credible self as a private club manager makes one a true leader. Being aware of one’s strengths and weaknesses, distinguishing right from wrong, expressing appreciation and gratitude to one’s constituents, exuding good morals and virtues, and working for the purpose of serving, are just some of the aspects of integrity that makes it a factor in a leader’s way to success. The third success factor is being in the right club where a manager’s personality is suiting. In other words, private club managers must be able to be in position within a club that is fitting or appropriate for their personality and management styles. They attribute this idea with marriage. For them, being a private club manager is like building a relationship or marrying a person. There should be chemistry or the personality, style, beliefs, and attitudes of a manager must be in sync with the needs and nature of the club to succeed. Just as how two people should be in order to have a successful marriage. The fourth success factor is acquiring financial skills. According to the managers who took the survey, being adept with finance and accounting enabled them to gain respect and trust from their colleagues. Needless to say, the finances of an organization are the indicator of its success or its failure. The fifth success factor is intelligence. The challenges and the demands of the private club industry require broad knowledge and skills in order understand the comings and goings within the club and also to understand human behavior and predict outcomes. According to the managers who took the survey, intelligence coupled with the right experiences and skills acquired equals great leadership and success. The sixth success factor is the ability to persuade others. Persuasion or the skill of one person to influence the behavior of a person is very significant in accomplishing success at present. A great leader must be able to persuade or influence others, his subordinates, colleagues, and everyone who he comes to work with, to lean to the direction of success and accomplish the vision of the club. The seventh success factor is authority. Perhaps authority comes with the previous success factor, which is persuasion. The ability to persuade must be coupled with authority that is in order to persuade people, the leader must exude authority and firmness among them. Although there are several issues raised about authority and its limitations, people cannot argue with the fact that authority is very important in dealing with all aspects of the private club industry. However, with authority comes great responsibility and sound judgment. The eighth success factor is social grace. Although several managers regard as least important in achieving success, they could not also deny the fact that being skilled in communication and interacting with other people is important. After reading all the factors that influence success as a private club manager, I have come to understand the qualities and skills that one should possess in order to be a great leader for the club as a whole and his constituents. Although all the success factors and much more, are instrumental in the achievement of great personal and group success in the field of private club management, I feel that the most important of all is intelligence. First, intelligence gets you to the position of a private club manager. As we all know, being intelligent and knowledgeable about the business makes one a potential and a strong candidate for a private club manager position. It is instrumental in getting one started, and intelligence keeps one going in the business. Moreover, intelligence equips you with the capacity to acquire all the other skills that are important in the business such as financial and social skills, being knowledgeable of the operations and processes that go on within the business, and even in the ability to persuade others, intelligence plays a role. Intelligence is also a major factor that spells out authority. For instance, one becomes granted the opportunity to become a private club manager because of one’s knowledge of the business. Through this, one gains support, respect and trust from colleagues, subordinates, board members, and other people one comes in contact with because of one’s ability to be knowledgeable in all aspects of the business, even for example in finance and accounting. Essentially, it drives one to learn more about the developments and changes in the industry making one capable of dealing with future obstacles and challenges. Therefore, one is able to persuade other people into working together as members of the club in order to attain their goals and objectives. Generally speaking, intelligence does not only get you the job, but it also guides you and lets you experience success and gets you out of failure. It lies in all aspects of the eight success factors that are why it is important. How to cite Lions Among Us, Essay examples

LIBOR Rate Manipulation Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the LIBOR Rate Manipulation In US. Answer: Introduction Barclays plc was accused of setting the interest rate of the Libor in the US, which was higher than the other panel banks. It was against the ethical leadership to use the power to create imbalance in the financial markets. The company was charged with fines from the UK regulators and even from the US Department of Justice (Treanor, 2016). Voidance of Business Principles Financial services authority (FSA) is a key regulator of Barclays that observes the LIBOR rate manipulation. The company took this step to hide its borrowing costs from the outside market for the benefit of derivative traders and to avoid inquiry from market. Barclays lacked control and risk management to hide the fake submission of LIBOR rate. FSA did not take any disciplinary action at the initial stage but later on posed hefty amount as fines on the company after seeing that they were not conducting their business operations diligently for a certain span of time (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 7). Moreover, Barclays infringed the Commodity Exchange Act but cooperated with FSA in the case investigation. LIBOR Rate Manipulation Manipulation of the LIBOR rates was not only the reflection of the company decision but derivative traders with short term maturities from London and New York repeatedly demanded it. Derivative traders used to demand frequent rate changes to the money market desk for their personal gain (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 8). Fixed and floating interest rate swap affects the floating player with higher and lower payment with the consecutive changes in the LIBOR rates in over the counter (OTC) trading. Other banks were also pressurized to adjust their rate with the Barclays manipulated rate. Barclays never told the derivative traders that they were asking for unethical manipulation and passed the requests to the money market desk. Financial Crisis due to high and low bid dilemma Granting unlimited requests from the short term traders and the implementation of demands risked the security of other entities essentially as investment firms, governments, corporations, and households were linked to Barclays plc. The benefits are not equal due to the change in LIBOR interest rates. Barclays consulted FSA after they were exposed to media speculations regarding financial standards, which started an internal conflict with the senior and junior authorities resulting in higher LIBOR rates. The steady rise of LIBOR rates surpasses rest of the panel banks asserting financial crisis. The US faced crisis in money market and hence resulted in stagnation of all the fund holdings and the credit markets and it heavily impacted the UK money markets as well (Rose Sesia, 2014, p. 10). Causes and effects Robert Diamond is designated as the CEO of Barclays plc to take account of foreign exchange business and debt markets. He didnt take any strict action to stop the traders manipulation over money market desk that voids the business principles. It further depicts leadership faults resulting in an organizations unethical framework (Brown Trevino, 2006, p. 602). Barclays way of serving derivative traders was unethical in terms of serving only their short term results (Mele et.al., 2107, p. 3). The company further lacked to think about the difference in profit making for their varied businesses. It created losses in lowering the LIBOR rate for some firms and reverses the result as it took the higher bid. The nature of short term incentive is provocative for the derivative traders. Barclays acted to lower the LIBOR rate to cater one genre of investors, thereby making them uncertain in money market. They tried to skip the media controversy for the unethical financial outlook and led to the disastrous financial crisis over the US and the UK money market (Roulet, 2015, p.10). Conclusion and Recommendations LIBOR is a global benchmark associated with rate-setting process and inter-bank lending. LIBOR rates should be transparent in accordance with the market data. LIBOR authority should direct the banks through a proper code. The case of Barclays thus illustrated the lack of company ethics and transparency with respect to disreputable leadership resulting in nationwide financial crisis. References Brown, M. E. Trevino, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 595-616. Mele, D., Rosanas, J. M. Fontrodana, J. (2017). Ethics in finance and accounting: Editorial introduction. J Bus Ethics, 140, 609-613. Rose, C. S. Sesia, A. (2014). Barclays and the LIBOR scandal. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing. Roulet, T. (2015). What good is Wall Street? Institutional contradiction and the diffusion of the stigma over the finance industry. J Bus Ethics, 130, 389-402. Treanor, J. (2016). Barclays bank reaches $100m US settlement over Libor rigging scandal. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/08/barclays-libor-100m-us-settlement

Holden Caufield Essay Example For Students

Holden Caufield Essay In JD Salingers Catcher in the Rye, a troubled teenager named Holden Caufield struggles with the factthat everyone has to grow up. The book gets its title from Holdens constant concern with the loss ofinnocence. He did not want children to grow up because he felt that adults are corrupt. This is seen whenHolden tries to erase naughty words from the walls of an elementary school where his younger sisterPhoebe attended. While I was sitting down, I saw something that drove me crazy. Somebodyd writtenFuck you on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kidswould see it, and how theyd wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tellthem- all cockeyed, naturally- what it meant, and how theyd all think about it and maybe even worryabout it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoeverd written it. I figured it was some pervertybum thatd sneaked in the school late at night to take a leak or something and then wrote i t on thewall. I kept picturing myself catching him at it, and how Id smash his head on the stone steps till hewas good and goddam dead and bloody. (201) His deep concern with impeccability caused him to createstereotypes of a hooligan that would try to corrupt the children of an elementary school. Holden believedthat children were innocent because they viewed the world and society without any bias. When Phoebeasked him to name something that he would like to be when he grew up, the only thing he would haveliked to be was a catcher in the rye. He invented an illusion for himself of a strange fantasy. He statedthat he would like to follow a poem by Robert Burns: If a body catch a body comin through the rye. Hekept picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of littlekids, and nobodys around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And Im standing on the edge of somecrazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go ov er the cliff- I mean iftheyre running and they dont look where theyre going I have to come out from somewhere and catchthem. That?|s all Id do all day. Id just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know its crazy, but thats theonly thing Id really like to be. (173) Holden wants to stop children from falling into losing theirinnocence and becoming an adult, and he takes pleasure in the attempted thwarting of maturation. In the beginning of Catcher in the Rye, his initial character is one of a child. Throughout the book, hetakes steps and the forces of change take a toll on his childish ways. In the end, he seems to bechanged into a man. Holden is definitely extremely immature in the beginning of the book. Hecharacterizes almost every person he meets as a phony. He feels that he is surrounded by hypocritesin a school filled with fakery. Principal Thurmer, the principal of Holdens high school, Pencey, was theleader of the whole charade. During a teacher/parent day, Principal Thurmer wou ld only say hello to thewealthy parents of students. He would not associate himself with those that were not financially stable,because he was a phony. We will write a custom essay on Holden Caufield specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Holden also maintains a lack of responsibility throughout the whole book. He was the equipmentmanager of the fencing team at Pencey, but he lost the equipment on the subway. He also failed out oftwo schools for lack of effort and absences from classes. Holden also had a daydream about twochildren who never grew up, whore main in a perfect world forever. This daydream is a result of hisyounger brother Allies death. Allie represents the unchangeable youth of which Holden must let go if heever expects to maintain sanity. Holden has a fixation on childhood, which shows itself in many forms. .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .postImageUrl , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:hover , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:visited , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:active { border:0!important; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:active , .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud226c27c98afde3f559311741e6a619d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Essence of Pop Culture EssayHis glorification of children, inordinate admiration of Phoebe, idealization of his dead younger brother,and the joy he gets from reminiscing about his own childhood all contribute to his obsession withinnocence and youth. Throughout the middle of the book, forces of change unfold on Holden. While waiting for an old friendof his, he had the sudden urge to go into a museum that he had visited while still a child in school inorder to bring back memories of his childhood. However, when he finally reached the museum, hedecided not to. Then a funny thing happened. When I got to the museum, all of a sudden I wouldnthave gone inside for a million b ucks. It just didnt appeal to me (122) This shows that Holden isbecoming an adult. He did not want to enter the museum because he realized that he was too old totake part in such an activity. When he takes Phoebe to a carousel later in the book, he decided not toride on it, or even stand on it during a rain storm, because he felt too old to get on. Holden also hadanother one of his childish fantasies for his future. He wanted to go and be a deaf mute somewhere inthe west, so he wouldnt have to deal with all the phonies and hypocrites of every day life. Phoebe toldhim that she wanted to go along with him, but he denies her of this because of his growing responsibilityand metamorphosis as an adult. He told her, Im not going away anywhere. I changed my mind. (207)At the end of the book, Holden seems to be much more mature. His key step was when he did not ridewith Phoebe on the carrousel. Holden only watched his sister ride along. In the center of the carousel,there was a gold ring. Th e children riding on the carousel would reach for the gold ring in order to win aprize. All the kids kept trying to grab for the gold ring, and so was old Phoebe, and I was sort of afraidshed fall off the goddam horse, but I didnt say anything or do anything. The thing with kids is, if theywant to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it, and not say anything. If they fall off, they falloff, but its bad if you say anything to them.(211) This carousel symbolizes life, and the constantjourney of childhood into adulthood. Children would sometimes fall when striving to reach the gold ringin the center of life, or their complete success or adulthood. Holden would have yelled out to the childrenthat it was dangerous to try to achieve this goal, but he realized in this anagnoresis that the childrenshould go along the path of life by themselves. Throughout the book, Holden tried to save all children from growing up and losing their innocence. When he realized that he could not achieve this goal, he had a nervous breakdown and could not dealwith it. However, it is an inevitable fact that everyone has to grow up. BibliographyCatcher in the RyeBy J.D Salinger

McKinley 1 Essays - Americas, Cuba, Chivalry, Eastern Bloc

McKinley 1 Case 2 There is definitely a fine line drawn between the protocol of physician, and an area where things could be considered as a personal matter. However, it isn't a physician's standpoint to rule out any procedure that a parent uses on their child, if its intent is to heal and not harm. If a physician encounters a situation such as the "coining", they should always be prepared to listen to whatever the parent had to say. From there on out, by all means the physician then has the right to offer their knowledgeable advice to the parent especially if the procedure has caused pain and or discomfort to th e child. Overall, tho se type of situations can be tricky in a physician's profession, it all boils down to them knowing limits and guidelines to not cross. No physician could be expected to understand the beliefs and practices of so many differing faith communities. At first glance, the simplest solution suggests that physicians avoid religious or spiritual content in the doctor-patient interaction. Patients should understand instructions from their physicians and be able to repeat them in their own words. Potential cultural conflicts between a physician and patient include differing attitudes towards time, personal space, eye contact, body language, and even what is important in life. Collectively, no physician has authority in intervene in the self-healings of any culture. I t is evident to us that the assumption that all patients possess little medical knowledge can create alienation between patient and physician . Therefore, a physician should never be concerned with alienating any ethnicity from modern medicine. It is not their job to convince or persuade a patient that modern medicine is more fit to heal, but it is necessary for them to inform McKinley 2 them of possible mishaps if they aren't utilized. Physicians have a difficult position to determine what methods are best to treat at times, but there's no room for error. There's always grounds for physicians to educate patients on treatments, but never for them to abandon one who doesn't typically agree with modern practices. No, p hysicians often encounter childhood injuries and conditions that test their knowledge of what is considered child abuse and neglect and when to report their suspicions. Some situations pose ethical dilemma s that are not easily resolved. Understanding what constitutes child maltreatment and having a plan for making decisions about it can reduce the burden of physicians' duty to report their suspicions effectively and appropriately. In the case presented here, there's no physical or verbal evidence that the child has been intentionally abused, neglected, sexually assaulted, malnourished, or possesses no pattern of abuse. Physicians, however required by law to report these cases to officials if any of the listed occurs. This particular case exposes the beliefs and principles of deontology. Deontology is simply the study of the nature of duty and obligation. An employer has deontic authority in the act of issuing an order that the employee is obliged to accept and obey regardless of its reliability or appropriateness. Ethically, deontology constitutes differences between consequentialism, virtue ethics, and pragmatic ethics. When these ethics are understood and practices, actions greatly over shadows consequences. McKinley 3 Yes, and because e ugenics is a movement that is aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race. Historically, eugenicists advocated selective b reeding to achieve these goals. Today we have technologies that make it possible to more directly alter the genetic composition of an individual. However, people differ in their views on how to best (and ethically) use this technology. E ugenicists in the U.S. focused on efforts to stop the transmission of negative or "undesirable" traits from generation to generation. PGD for gender selection is only justified if a couple's family history includes a particular sex-linked genetic disorder; that is, a disorder that predominantly or exclusively affects babies of one gender . It could also be justifiable for parents to choose a gender if there's already multiple boys or girls, or lack of either in the family that's being created. Usually the sex of a child isn't more important than what diseases or disorders that a child will carry. That's why

How to Format a UK Business Letter

How to Format a UK Business Letter How to Format a UK Business Letter How to Format a UK Business Letter By Ali Hale I covered writing US business letters, but I know we have a number of readers in the United Kingdom too – or readers who might want to write to companies within the UK. I’ll just be covering the formatting here rather than explaining again why each element is included, so you might want to read the article on US business letters first. The UK format is similar to US full block format, with these key differences for UK letters: The return address is right-aligned The date is written as â€Å"15th May 2008† not â€Å"May 15, 2008† A comma, not a colon, follows the recipients’ name The subject (if included) is centred In the UK, a standard business letter looks like this: Just as with the US examples, I’ll break the letter down into the main elements, working from the top to the bottom. Your Address Your address, also known as the â€Å"return address†, comes first (leave this off if you’re using letter-headed paper). 123 Old Road Newtown London SW1 3AA Your return address should be right-justified. The Date Directly beneath this, the date on which the letter was written: 15th May 2008 In the UK, the day comes before the month, and it is fine to put â€Å"st†, â€Å"nd† or â€Å"th† after the day’s date, eg. â€Å"15th† â€Å"1st† or â€Å"2nd†. You can position the date on the right or on the left of your letter. Recipent’s name and address Beneath this, you should put the recipient’s name and address, just as it would appear on the envelope. If you’re using a window envelope, make sure it’ll show through when the paper is inserted. The recipient’s name and address should be positioned on the left-hand side. The Greeting After their address, you should leave a line’s space then put â€Å"Dear Mr Jones†, â€Å"Dear Bob† or â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam† as appropriate. Follow this with a comma. The greeting should be left-aligned. The Subject You may want to include a subject for your letter this is often helpful to the recipient, especially if they receive a lot of mail. If you do include a subject line, thsi should be directly below the Dear name, centered on the page, and can be in bold, uppercase or both to make it stand out. The Text of your Letter The main body of your letter should have: Single-spacing between lines A blank line (NOT an indent) before each new paragraph Each new paragraph should start at the left hand side. The Closing and Your Name and Signature After the body of text, your letter should end with an appropriate closing phrase such as â€Å"Yours sincerely† or â€Å"With best regards†, and a comma. Leave several blank lines after the closing (so you can sign the letter after printing it), then type your name. You can optionally put your job title and company name on the line beneath this. Joe Bloggs Marketing Director, BizSolutions The closing and your name and signature should all be on the left hand side. Still stuck? Try this letter writing exercise – it’s aimed at school-kids in the UK, but it’s good fun for adults too! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101The Four Sounds of the Spelling OUApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns